You never know with Saul Bellow. His book are about agitated, distracted people and when you read them, it sometimes puts you into an agitated, distracted state. That’s what they do to me, anyway. I didn’t much care for Mr. Sammler, of Mr. Sammler’s Planet, nor for Henderson of Henderson, the Rain King. (I’m just noticing how typical it is for Bellow to put his main characters’ names in the titles of his books.) Their struggles didn’t really engage my imagination. But The Adventures of Augie March had a kind of wild music, and Humboldt’s Gift was just amazing. The latter is a fictionalized account of the life of poet Delmore Schwartz, and it led me to James Atlas’s biography of Schwartz. It took me months to get Schwartz’s ghost out of my head.
Herzog is the quintessential Bellow book. Its main character has the requisite distraction and self-absorption, yet he also has Augie March’s antic humor and energy. We are alternately annoyed and amused by Herzog as he struggles to hold on to his sanity after some rather significant personal setbacks.
Specifically, Herzog’s wife, Madeline, has thrown him out and has taken up with his erstwhile best friend, Valentine Gersbach. I should back up a bit: Moses E. Herzog is a writer and academic who had some early success but has since stalled. Herzog seems to enjoy a greater level of fame and affluence than you might expect from such a resumè—a level more in line with, say, a successful novelist.
Madeline is a spoiled high-strung beauty with “issues.” They move to a remote area in the Western Massachusetts Berkshires, where their only friends are a local radio host, the aforementioned Valentine Gersbach, and his wife. As the Herzogs’ relationship begins to fray, Gersbach becomes a kind of go-between, offering solace to both partners. The entire entourage eventually moves to Chicago, where matters come to a head when Madeline tells Herzog that the marriage is over and he needs to get out immediately. A few weeks later a friend informs Herzog that Gersbach is Madeline’s new lover.
So that’s the emotional trauma that has put Herzog out of alignment. Whatever Herzog was before, he is now the hero of a Saul Bellow book, which is to say that he has locked eye contact on himself in the rear-view mirror to the extent that he fails to avoid the traffic in front of him. That’s a rather unwieldy metaphor, but in fact Herzog does manage to have such an auto accident in the course of his adventures. Herzog fears he is losing his mind. He doesn’t make scenes or see people who aren’t there—about the craziest thing he does is accept an invitation to spend a weekend with a friend on Martha’s Vineyard, and then escape out the back way and head back to New York a half hour after arriving. But we accept, for sake of argument, that Herzog is not his usual self.
Over the course of 350 pages Herzog makes the abortive journey to the Vineyard, spends an evening with his latest girlfriend, the ridiculously obliging Ramona, flies to Chicago where he gets in a certain amount of trouble, and finally returns to his house in the Berkshires. But the real action is in Herzog’s head, where he is mentally composing letters to just about everybody he has ever know, along with a few politicians, and even a couple of historical figures. Maybe this epistolary focus is supposed to demonstrate Herzog’s derangement, but this particular habit of mind seems very normal to me. I have on occasion tried to explain myself to myself by imagining that I am having a conversation with somebody. In fact, my real-life conversations cannot hold a candle to the ones that happen in my imagination.
Herzog is generally addressing serious intellectual issues in his mental missives, and your opinion of this book might hinge on whether you think his ruminations are pretentious twaddle, a la Woody Allen, or genuinely profound and even charming. Here he is composing a mental letter to one Dr. Vinoba Bhave, whom Wikipedia tells me was “an Indian advocate of nonviolence and human rights.” In the following the italicized words are part of the letter, and the non-italicized parts Herzog’s thoughts as he composes the letter.
Dear Dr. Bhave, he began again, I read of your work in the Observer and at the time thought I'd like to join your movement. I've always wanted very much to lead a moral, useful, and active life. I never knew where to begin. One can't become Utopian. It only makes it harder to discover where your duty really lies. Persuading the owners of large estates to give up some land to impoverished peasants, however ... These dark men going on foot through India. In his vision Herzog saw their shining eyes, and the light of spirit within them. You must start with injustices that are obvious to everybody, not with big historical perspectives. Recently, I saw Pather Panchali. I assume you know it, since the subject is rural India. Two things affected me greatly - the old crone scooping the mush with her fingers and later going into the weeds to die; and the death of the young girl in the rains. Herzog, almost alone in the Fifth Avenue Playhouse, cried with the child's mother when the hysterical death music started. Some musician with a native brass horn, imitating sobs, playing a death noise. It was raining also in New York, as in rural India. His heart was aching. He too had a daughter, and his mother too had been a poor woman. He had slept on sheets made of flour sacks. The best type for the purpose was Ceresota.
There is pride, naivete, and a kind of silly sentimentality in this, but there is also compassion and wit. It’s hard not to be on the side of a guy who ends his interior monologue by noting the best type of flour sack for improvised bedding. In fact, amid all the tumult, it can be hard to realize just how funny Bellow can be:
Old women from Eastern Europe with dyed hair and senseless cameo brooches had easy access to his affections.
If I knew more about Saul Bellow’s politics and life I’m sure I’d find plenty not to like. But I think one of the reasons people write novels is to salvage some essential part of themselves. Every novel is a kind of suicide note.
